"In any wildland use, leave no trace of your visit. Take only memories, leave only footprints — and even minimize those."
"在任何野外活动中，不留下你来过的痕迹。只带走记忆，只留下脚印——甚至脚印也要尽量少。"
— LNT Center for Outdoor Ethics
Duration
16 hr2 days / 两天
Format
Field-based含一晚露营/含一夜过夜
Taught By
L2 Master Educator二级讲师授课
Awards
L1 Trainer可教 Awareness Workshop
AAbout Leave No Trace关于 LNT
Before teaching others, a Trainer needs to know the why, who, and history behind Leave No Trace — not just the seven bullet points.
一个 Trainer 在教别人之前，必须先搞清楚 LNT 的 为什么、是谁在做、怎么来的——不是只会背七条原则。
EN
Origin & Mission
Leave No Trace emerged in the 1960s–70s as U.S. land management agencies (USFS, BLM, NPS, USFWS) responded to a surge in recreation visitors degrading public lands. By the early 1990s the agencies partnered with NOLS to formalize a curriculum.
In 1994, the non-profit Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics was founded in Boulder, Colorado. Its mission: "to protect the outdoors by teaching and inspiring people to enjoy it responsibly."
The Seven Principles are:
Research-based — peer-reviewed studies from universities and agencies underpin every recommendation.
Living guidelines, not rigid rules — they adapt to ecosystem, group size, and use level.
Universal — applicable globally, but local context always overrides a generic answer.
1994 年，非营利组织 Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics（户外伦理中心）在科罗拉多州博尔德成立。使命："通过教育和激励人们负责任地享受户外，来保护户外环境。"
七原则的核心定位：
有科研支撑——每一条都建立在大学和管理机构的同行评议研究之上。
是指南而不是死规矩——根据生态系统、团队规模、使用强度灵活调整。
全球通用——但本地具体情境永远优先于通用答案。
Trainer Tip培训师提示
Open every workshop by asking: "What does 'leave no trace' actually mean to you?" Listening first lets you calibrate to the group's prior knowledge instead of lecturing past them.
每次开班的第一个动作，问大家："在你心里 '无痕' 到底意味着什么？"——先听他们说，再讲，远胜于站着照本宣科。
BCourse Structure课程结构与日程
The 16-hour Trainer Course is delivered over two consecutive days — one full day in the field with at least one overnight is required. This is non-negotiable: LNT is taught by doing, not by slides.
16 小时 Trainer Course 必须在连续两天内完成，其中至少有 一整天野外 + 一晚露营。这是硬性规定：LNT 是在野外做出来的，不是用 PPT 讲出来的。
Day 1 · 第一天（约 8 小时，含路上 + 入营）
Time · 时段
Content · 内容
Method · 教学方法
AM 1
Welcome, intros, expectations / 开场、自我介绍、目标对齐
Circle discussion 圆圈讨论
AM 2
History & mission of LNT / LNT 历史与使命
Mini-lecture + Q&A 短讲
AM 3
Principles 1–2 (Plan, Durable Surfaces) / 原则 1–2
Activity + field walk 活动+实地走
Lunch
Travel to field site / 移动到野外营地
P2 practice on trail 一路实践原则2
PM 1
Camp site selection (P2 deep dive) / 选址实操
Group decision exercise 群体决策练习
PM 2
Principles 3–4 (Waste, Leave What You Find) / 原则 3–4
Authority of the Resource Technique (ART) / 资源权威说法 教学法
Scenario practice 场景演练
PM 1
Teach-backs: each participant teaches one principle / 学员每人教一个原则
Peer teaching + feedback 同伴教学
PM 2
Running an Awareness Workshop / 怎么把所学带回去开课
Planning workshop 实操规划
PM 3
Pack-out, site sweep, closing circle / 收营、扫尾、结业圈
Practice P2+P3 现场实践
⚠ 易踩坑
Don't compress this into a "weekend workshop" indoors. A Trainer Course without overnight camping is not a real Trainer Course — graduates won't have practiced the principles they're certified to teach.
千万不要把它压缩成"周末室内 workshop"。没有过夜野外环节的 Trainer Course，不是合规的 Trainer Course——拿到证的人根本没实操过他们将要去教的内容。
1Plan Ahead and Prepare提前计划与准备
1
Plan Ahead and Prepare提前计划与准备
EN
Why this principle exists
Poor trip planning often results in miserable experiences and damage to natural and cultural resources. A panicked group that ran out of food or daylight will cut switchbacks, build emergency fires, and pack out poorly.
Sub-principles (LNT official):
Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you'll visit.
Prepare for extreme weather, hazards, and emergencies.
Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use.
Visit in small groups when possible. Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups.
Repackage food to minimize waste.
Use a map and compass to eliminate the use of marking paint, rock cairns or flagging.
Teach Activity教学活动"7 Mistakes Walk": hand the group a fictional poorly-planned trip itinerary (10-day route with 3-day food, no map, peak holiday weekend, group of 18). Have them call out which LNT principles will be violated downstream. Builds the mental model that P1 is upstream of every other principle. "7 个连锁错误"练习：给学员一份糟糕的虚构计划书（10 天路线只带 3 天粮、不带地图、节假日扎堆、18 人大团），让他们指出后面会违反哪些原则。让他们看清——原则 1 是其他六条的"上游"。
2Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces在耐用地表上行进和宿营
2
Travel & Camp on Durable Surfaces在耐用地表上行进与宿营
EN
Why this principle exists
The goal is to move impact onto surfaces that can absorb it and keep it off surfaces that cannot. The single biggest physical impact recreationists cause is trampled vegetation and compacted soil.
Teach Activity教学活动"Site Selection Walk": on the way to camp, stop at 4–5 candidate spots and have the group rate each (1–10) for durability, water distance, wind, social impact. Trainer reveals their own ranking last. Teaches the judgment loop, not just the rule. "营地选择实地走"：往营地路上停 4–5 个候选点，让学员从耐用度/距水源/避风/对他人影响 4 个维度打分，培训师最后给自己的排序。教的是判断力闭环，不是死规矩。
3Dispose of Waste Properly妥善处理废弃物
3
Dispose of Waste Properly妥善处理废弃物（"装得进就背得出"）
EN
Why this principle exists
Human waste, food scraps, and trash all carry pathogens, attract wildlife, and pollute water. "Pack it in, pack it out" is the foundational rule.
Sub-principles:
Pack out all trash, leftover food, and litter. Including microtrash: twist ties, fruit peels, sunflower seeds.
Human waste — catholes: 6–8 inches deep (≈15–20 cm), 200 ft from water/camp/trails. Cover and disguise.
In alpine, desert, or sensitive areas: pack out solid human waste with WAG bags / blue bags.
Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products — they do not decompose at the rate marketing suggests.
Washing: carry water 200 ft from streams/lakes; use small amounts of biodegradable soap; scatter strained dishwater.
⚠ 中国户外语境
In China, the "carry-out toilet paper" rule meets the most resistance from new outdoor users. Address it early with the science: paper decomposition in high-altitude or arid environments can take 3+ years, and animals dig up partially buried paper within weeks. Show photos — don't moralize.
在中国户外语境里，"厕纸要带出来"是新户外人群阻力最大的一条。开课早期就拿研究和照片说话：高海拔或干旱区域纸张降解要 3 年以上，半埋的纸往往几周就被动物刨出来。给图片不给说教。
4Leave What You Find保持原貌不带走
4
Leave What You Find不取走任何东西，不改变任何东西
EN
Why this principle exists
"If everyone takes just one rock, there are no rocks." Cumulative impact is the killer. This principle also covers cultural and historical artifacts, which are often illegal to disturb.
Sub-principles:
Preserve the past: examine but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts.
Leave rocks, plants, antlers, and other natural objects as you find them.
Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species (clean boots, dry gear between watersheds).
Do not build structures, furniture, or dig trenches.
Teach Activity教学活动"Pocket Check": at end of Day 1, ask everyone to honestly check pockets/packs for "stuff I picked up." Pinecones, pretty rocks, feathers. No shame — just discussion: "If 100 people on this trail did exactly what we did today, what would be left?" "口袋检查"：第一天结束时，让大家诚实翻翻口袋包里——"今天有没有捡过什么东西"。松果、好看的石头、羽毛。不羞辱，只讨论："如果今天这条路上 100 个人都和我们一样做，明天还剩什么？"
5Minimize Campfire Impacts最小化营火影响
5
Minimize Campfire Impacts最小化营火影响
EN
Why this principle exists
Campfires cause long-lasting impact: charred ground, depleted firewood from a wide radius, escaped wildfires, and scarred natural settings. The romantic image of "the campfire" is the single most contested LNT topic in any workshop.
Sub-principles:
Use a lightweight stove for cooking. Enjoy a candle lantern for light. — this is the default.
If you do build a fire: use established fire rings, fire pans, or mound fires only.
Keep fires small. Use only down and dead wood that can be broken by hand. Never break branches off live or standing dead trees.
Burn all wood to white ash, scatter cool ashes widely.
Pack out unburned trash from fires — foil, cans, microplastics do not "burn away."
Trainer Pro Tip培训师诀窍
For your overnight on the Trainer Course itself: don't build a fire. Model the default behavior. The conversation around "why we're not building one tonight" is the lesson.
你自己带 Trainer Course 那晚：就别生火。用行为示范默认选项。当晚围绕"为什么我们今晚不点火"展开的讨论，本身就是教学内容。
6Respect Wildlife尊重野生动物
6
Respect Wildlife尊重野生动物
EN
Why this principle exists
"A fed bear is a dead bear." Wildlife habituated to human food becomes aggressive, gets relocated, often euthanized. Approach-stress also affects nesting success, calorie reserves, and predator avoidance.
Sub-principles:
Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them.
Never feed animals. Feeding alters their behavior, exposes them to predators, and creates dependence.
Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely: hard-sided canisters, bear hangs, or in-vehicle in front-country.
Control pets at all times, or leave them at home.
Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter.
⚠ 中国语境
In Chinese popular trail culture, feeding monkeys, marmots, and stray livestock is normalized — often filmed for social media. Trainers should expect resistance and lead with the "habituation → relocation → euthanasia" causal chain, using documented cases (Mt. Emei monkeys, Tibetan plateau marmots near roads).
在中国热门徒步圈，投喂猴子、土拨鼠、流浪牲畜已经是常态，很多还拍下来发社交媒体。培训师要预判到学员的抵触，用"习惯人类 → 行为异常 → 被迁徙 → 安乐死"这条因果链，配峨眉山猴、青藏公路边土拨鼠的真实案例打破认知。
7Be Considerate of Other Visitors尊重他人户外体验
7
Be Considerate of Other Visitors为他人着想
EN
Why this principle exists
Many people seek the outdoors for solitude, quiet, and natural sound. Inconsiderate behavior shrinks the experience pool for everyone — including you.
Sub-principles:
Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience.
Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail. (Standard: hikers yield to horses; bikers yield to hikers; downhill yields to uphill.)
Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock.
Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors.
Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises. (This includes Bluetooth speakers — a 2020s LNT addition in spirit.)
CAuthority of the Resource Technique (ART)"资源权威"沟通法
Developed by George Wallace (Colorado State University, 1990), ART is the most-tested communication technique in outdoor education. Trainers must be able to demonstrate it.
由科罗拉多州立大学 George Wallace 教授于 1990 年提出，是户外教育中最经检验的沟通技术。每位 Trainer 必须能在课上演示。
EN
The four-step move
Approach with respect. Friendly tone, not accusatory.
Don't quote the rule. Skip "you're not allowed to…" — that triggers defensiveness.
Speak from the resource's perspective. Explain the impact on the land, animal, or other users.
Offer an alternative. Give them a way to keep enjoying their day with reduced impact.
Example — feeding chipmunks
Avoid: "Don't feed the wildlife. It's a $500 fine."
ART: "Hey — looks like a great morning. Those chipmunks are super curious. Just so you know, the granola messes up their winter fat storage, and the bolder ones get hit by cars on this stretch. There's a viewing spot up at the next bend where you can usually see them naturally foraging — much better photos too."
中文
四步动作
带着尊重靠近。语气友好，不指责。
不要背规则。"你不能这样……"会立刻触发对方防御。
站在资源（土地/动物/他人）的视角说。解释影响是什么。
给替代方案。让对方能继续享受这一天，只是换个方式。
例：劝阻投喂花栗鼠
避免："不许喂动物，罚 500。"
ART 方式："你好啊，今天天气真好。这些花栗鼠确实特别好奇。提醒一下，麦片会打乱它们的冬季脂肪储备，而且经常下来要食的那几只这段路被车撞得最多。前面那个弯有个位置经常能看到它们自然觅食，拍照效果反而更好。"
Practice练习
Put learners in pairs. Card A is a violator (loud speaker / fire in restricted zone / off-trail shortcut). Card B uses ART. Swap. Then the group debriefs: which tone landed, which didn't, why.
两人一组。A 卡是违规者（外放音箱 / 禁火区生火 / 抄近路）；B 卡用 ART 沟通。换角色，再 debrief：哪种语气有效，哪种没有，为什么。
DTeaching Methods for Trainers培训师的教学方法
A Trainer's job isn't to tell the 7 principles. It is to make participants discover them. Five methods, in priority order:
Trainer 的工作不是"告诉"七原则，而是让学员"自己发现"七原则。五种方法，按优先级排列：
Method · 方法
When to use · 适用
Caution · 注意
1. Modeling · 行为示范 You do it correctly, visibly, all the time.
Default. Every minute on course. 全程默认
If you cut corners once, your credibility collapses. 一次破例，可信度全失
2. Field practice · 实地实操 Learners do it with your feedback.
Site selection, cathole, food storage. 选址/猫坑/食物存放
Time it well — first attempts must be safe to fail. 给"安全失败"的空间
3. Socratic questions · 苏格拉底提问 "What do you notice? Why might that be?"
When learners already have intuition you can surface. 当学员有直觉时
Don't fish for "the right answer." Honor unexpected ones. 不要钓鱼式问，开放接住
4. Discussion · 圆圈讨论 Group works through a dilemma together.
Trade-offs (P5 fire, P7 noise, group size). 灰色地带
You facilitate, not lecture. 你是引导者不是讲师
5. Mini-lecture · 短讲 10 min max, used to deliver factual context.
History, regs, science only. 历史/法规/科研
Never the main teaching mode. 永远不是主菜
⚠ Trap
The #1 mistake new Trainers make: over-relying on mini-lecture. If a participant ever says "I get it, can we move on?" — you've been talking too long. Switch to modeling or practice.
新 Trainer 最常踩的坑：过度依赖短讲。一旦学员说"懂了懂了我们往下走吧"——你已经讲太多。立刻切换到示范或实操。
ERunning an Awareness Workshop回去开班实操
After completing the Trainer Course, you are authorized to deliver Awareness Workshops (typically 1–4 hours) to the public, school groups, clubs, and corporate teams. You may not certify other Trainers — that requires a Master Educator (L2).
完成 Trainer Course 之后，你被授权为公众、学校、户外社团、企业团建讲 Awareness Workshop（公众普及课，通常 1–4 小时）。你不能认证其他 Trainer——那需要 Master Educator (L2) 资质。
EN
Workshop design checklist
Know your audience first. Climbing club ≠ school kids ≠ corporate retreat. Customize examples.
Lead with their pain. What outdoor problem do they already see? Connect the principle to that.
One activity per principle. Not lecture slides.
End with a commitment. Each person names one behavior they'll change on their next trip.
Leave them with one resource. The LNT website, or a 1-page handout — not a book.
What to track / report back
Number of workshops, attendees, hours.
Memorable questions or pushback you got — these are the next iteration's gold.
中文
课程设计清单
先搞清楚你面对的是谁。攀岩社 ≠ 小学生 ≠ 企业团建——案例要换。
从他们的痛点切入。他们已经看到了什么户外问题？把原则挂上去。
每个原则配一个活动，不是 PPT。
结课要有承诺。每个人说出"下次出行我会改的一个具体行为"。
只给一份资源。LNT 官网 / 一页纸 handout，不是一本书。
记录与回报
开课数量、覆盖人数、累计小时数。
印象最深的提问 / 抵触——这些是你下一版的金矿。
Trainer's first 90 days · 拿到证后头 90 天
Run 2 Awareness Workshops within 30 days while material is fresh. 30 天内开 2 场。
Co-teach 1 workshop with someone more experienced if possible. 有条件就和一个更老的搭档同台一次。
Build a local examples library: photos from your trails, your community's specific bad habits. 攒一份本地案例库：你常走线路的照片、你身边社区的具体陋习。
Find your gap principle — the one you're least confident teaching — and design a workshop entirely around it. 找出你最不自信的那条原则，专门做一场围绕它的课。
FContinuing EducationLNT 进阶路径
L1 is the entry-level certification. Most Trainers stay at L1 their whole life and that's fully legitimate. If you want to train other Trainers, you need L2.
L1 是入门级认证。绝大多数 Trainer 一辈子停在 L1，完全合规。如果你想"培训别的 Trainer"，需要走到 L2。
Public
Awareness Workshop
1–4 hr · 公众普及课
Anyone can attend. 任何人可参加
L1 · You are here
Trainer Course
16 hr · 含一晚露营
Teach public Awareness Workshops. 可教普及课
L2
Master Educator
5 days · 5 天
Teach & certify Trainers. 可培训并认证 Trainer
Pro
Master Educator + experience
Years of teaching · 多年带班
Lead Master Educator Courses themselves. 主导 ME 课程
EN
When to go for L2 Master Educator
You've taught at least 6–10 Awareness Workshops after L1.
You actively work or teach in outdoor education — guiding, school programs, university trips, conservation orgs.
You want to build a local cohort of Trainers in your region or organization.
The Master Educator Course is 5 days, taught by partner organizations (NOLS, Outward Bound, Wilderness Volunteers, and others). It is significantly more rigorous and field-intensive than L1.